- After you ask a question allow wait-time
"Hold your responses/Don't begin your discussion until everyone
has had 15 seconds to think."
- Build in alternate response modes "Thumbs up, thumbs down."
- Use transition cues "When you hear the bell, you have 10 seconds
to finish talking to your partner/in your group."
- Provide alternative structures for sharing
"This time share your partner's/group's response."
"This time try to reach consensus with your partner/group."
- Give auditory as well as visual directions
Written cues to the question provide focus for the discussion.
- Make it clear when or if you are looking
for one answer "There are many possible answers to this
question." "We discussed this yesterday...you may want
to review your notes."
- Encourage response from one participant
or group to another Do you agree?" "Tell him/her/them
why or why not."
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- When possible allow learners to respond
first in pairs or small groups "Tell
your neighbor." "Buzz in small groups and then we'll
discuss it as a large group."
- Use deadlines
"You have 30 seconds."
- Reduce sharing time Instead of allowing
eight participants to answer in the large group, allow three.
Never have more than 6 groups report -- find another way to share.
- Use alternative pairs/groups: "This
time share with the person across the table from you rather than
the one next to you." "Sit with others with whom you
don't normally work today."
- Be clear on your expectations "Name
three ways..." "Brainstorm as many ideas as you can."
- Record answers on charts or overheads
when appropriate Charting helps visual learners, provides focus,
lessens the likelihood that duplicate answers will be given,
allows participants to build on others' ideas, and provides a
reference for later discussion.
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